Native Americans and European Colonists Essay Example for Free

Native Americans and European Colonists Essay At the start of the seventeenth century, Native Americans greeted European settlers with much excitement. They regarded settlers as strange, but were interested to learn about the new tools and weapons Europeans brought with them. The native people were more than accommodating to the settlers, but as time passed, Europeans took advantage of their generosity. â€Å"Once these newcomers disembarked and began to feel their way across the continent, they forever altered the course and pace of native development. † Native Americans and Europeans faced many conflicts due to their vast differences in language, religion and culture. European settlers’ inability to understand and respect Native Americans lead to many struggles that would eventually erupt into violent warfare. Many natives thought the armed Europeans would be able to protect them from their more powerful native enemies. In many cases, Europeans did help natives in warfare. Samuel de Champlain, a critical figure in the establishment of the New France colony, aided the Montganais, Algonkaian and Hurons in their fight against the Iroquois. Champlain and his tribes used European firearms to frighten and defeat their enemies. â€Å"The Iroquois were much astonished that two men should have been killed so quickly, although they were provided with shields made of cotton thread woven together and wood, which were proof against their arrows. † In decades to come, Europeans were not be so friendly toward Native Americans, using firearms to take native lands and resources. Native Americans relied on â€Å"gift exchange† system that allowed different tribes to specialize in the production of a certain goods. They would trade their goods with other native tribes. Native Americans hoped to incorporate Europeans into this system. For a while, natives did trade skins and hides, receiving wampum, sacred blue and white shell beads, in exchange from the settlers. â€Å"Exchange is meant not only the trading of material goods but also exchanges across community lines of marriage partners, resources, labor, ideas, techniques and religious practices. † Natives generously shared their belongings, supplies, food, and the skills necessary for survival in the New World with the settlers. In exchange, settlers gave Natives disease, death and robbed them of their lands. Within ten years of the first arrival of European settlers, the Natives welcome had worn out. The settlers had appeared on the scene with two objectives in mind in regards to the Native Americans: obtain their land and convert them to Christianity. Europeans judged natives for their different language, their lack of clothing, and the absence of government and religion in their society. The Europeans established their own set of laws on native soil and held natives accountable to these laws. Any breach of European law by Natives residing in the area resulted in public humiliation, a practice unfamiliar to Native society. More complications accumulated due to their vast differences in language, religion and culture, but it was the differing views of land, that caused violent conflict. With more and more Europeans arriving in America, they needed more land to settle and grow crops. Also, at this time, the demand of tobacco was greatly increasing. The tobacco industry amounted for most of the settlers’ exports. To grow tobacco, settlers needed large plots of land. In the Native American’s eyes, the land was to be shared with the European. Natives had no understanding of the selling of land to European settlers. Europeans used this to their advantage, acquiring large plots of land without fully explaining the terms of the negotiation to the natives, or properly paying them. At first, natives sold land to Europeans, believing that this agreement would still allow them to use the land. Later, they realized that Europeans were rapidly establishing private uses on these lands. Colonists strongly objected to native settlements on the lands that they hoped to establish businesses on. Many more problems arose since the arrival of Europeans in America. Europeans introduced a variety of deadly diseases to North America that Native Americans had never been exposed to before. The colonists and explorers brought measles, smallpox, cholera, and yellow fever, which drastically devastating the Native American population. â€Å"The collected wisdom of generations could vanish in a matter of days if sickness struck older members of the community who kept sacred traditions and taught special skills. † Not only did the natives fear for their own lives, they feared for the future generations of native people. They feared that their traditions and culture would be forever lost. The relationship between Native Americans and Europeans began as a way for Europeans to learn about the lands they wished to inhabit. Natives can be given credit for teaching the first settlers how to survive in the new land. Due to the greed and arrogance of the European settlers, relations with natives turned sour. This struggle of co-existence would continue into the nineteenth century, resulting in the devastating mistreatment of Native Americans. [ 1 ]. James H. Marrell, â€Å"The Indians New World,† Major Problems in American History, (Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2012), 17. [ 2 ]. Samuel de Champlain, The Works of Samuel de Champlain (Toronto, 1925), 89–101. [ 3 ]. Neal Salisbury, â€Å"The Indians Old World,† Major Problems in American History, (Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2012), 25. [ 4 ]. Collin G. Calloway, â€Å"Voices from the Shore,† The World Turned Upside Down, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1994), 21. [ 5 ]. Marrell, â€Å"The Indians New World,† 18.

Human Cloning - Individualistic vs. Communitarian :: Cloning Argumentative Persuasive Argument

Human Cloning - Individualistic vs. Communitarian In many controversial topics around the world, we can find differing positions, and opinions. Many of these arguments, can be narrowed down to two different views, or constructs: individualistic and communitarian (an image of collectivism). An individualistic viewpoint "stresses the rights of the individual as a unique being" (class review). A communitarian viewpoint is more concerned with the good for the greatest number, "even if an individual must suffer or sacrifice" (class review). These different elements do not necessarily label the people as opposed to, or in favor of the topic here. They just show where your motivations lie, is your involvement for self fulfillment or for the good of society? Within the contents of this paper, I will analyze the elements of individualism and collectivism that exist in the controversial topic of cloning. When Dr. Ian Wilmut, a 52-year-old embryologist at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh announced on that he had replaced the genetic material of sheep's egg with the DNA from an adult sheep, and created a lamb (Dolly), the topic of cloning "created" many new questions of its own. None were as controversial as: Will they apply this to humans as well? According to Dr. Wilmut, the answer was "there is no reason in principle why you couldn't do it"(clone humans), but he added, "All of us would find that offensive."(Wilmut as quoted by NYTimes, Daniel Callahan, 02/26/97). From an individualistic viewpoint, those in favor of cloning human beings, do not see it as morally, or ethically wrong. Many see it as an opportunity to have children, or possibly to "re-create" a child who is dying from a terminal illness. Using a deterministic argument, many infertile couples are worried that any "government restrictions on human cloning might hurt their chances some day for bearing children through new medical technology" ( Newsday, Thomas Maier, 03/14/1997). In a form of expressive individualism, Tom Buckowski, from Studio City, California said, "It's my body, my choice, right? But what if I want my body cloned and warehoused for spare parts? Upon what basis can government decide what I can or cannot do with my body?"(Los Angeles Times, 3/07/1997). In both examples, the predominant voice is that of the first language of individualism. The first language refers to the "individualistic mode that is the dominant American form of discourse about moral, social, and political matters" (Bellah et al, Habits of the Heart, pg.334). Anita Manning, a writer for USA TODAY revealed another individualistic argument in favor of cloning. In her article "Pressing a "right" to clone humans," Manning interviews a group of gay activists, who see

Swot Analysis Fed Ex Indianapolis Hub 2012

Marketing Strategy Falls School of Business – MBA program Dr. Michael D. Wiese – Fishers Campus Proposal to Management of Market Audit – SWOT / Environmental Analysis By: Jeffrey K. Lockhart October 02, 2012 To: Another open letter to the management of Federal Express Corporation (FedEx Corp): Ladies and Gentlemen, I am currently involved in an MBA marketing class at the Falls School of Business – Anderson University.I have been asked, as part of a marketing audit, to assist in building a marketing plan that analyzes a portion of the â€Å"Situation Analysis† of such plan, for a particular Strategic Business Unit (SBU), or actual work unit, at my place of employment. The process for building a marketing plan starts with a detailed situation analysis of the market and business. The primary purpose of a situation analysis is to uncover key performance issues that usually go unnoticed in day-to-day business operations. The output of the situation analy sis is used to build the marketing strategy.To accomplish this I will discuss the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) / Environmental Analysis, with respect to current market forces, the business’s competitive position, and its current performance for the identified SBU described below. I will do this by listing the internal strengths and weaknesses that impact the SBU’s ability to serve FedEx customers, constituency; as well, as directly meet the FedEx mission. Also, I will list some of the external/environmental factors that are impacting/shaping the ability of the unit to serve its customers, constituency; as well, as meet the FedEx mission.Finally, as part of the SWOT I will discuss the opportunities and threats that as managers you should be aware of; and for which you will want to manage. Identification of the Specific Business Unit (SBU): FedEx Express – Indianapolis Hub – Sec. 9 – Dallas / Ft. Worth ramp (DFW) SWOT Analy sis: FedEx Express – Indianapolis Hub – Sec. 9 – Dallas / Ft. Worth ramp (DFW) Internal Strengths:| Internal Weaknesses:| Recognized as Industry Global Market Leader/ largest transportation company; providing fast reliable service for more than 3. million package shipments each business day; 10m + each day from the DFW ramp alone. (I)| Limited freight volume handling ability; with the DFW SBU only having 35 employees; and 16 slides, and four hours in which to perform each night’s sort. (I)| Leading-edge information and engineering technology (the Matrix). Current package tracking system is state of the art. This provides tremendous advantage for the various ramps in the Indy hub. (I)| Reliability on other areas of the hub to perform their job in a satisfactory manner.Non-con drivers making timely deliveries of freight to the sort process. (I)| Worlds largest privately owned Fleet of cargo airplanes (660 jets). There are currently 90 gates for planes comin g in and out of the Indy hub; DFW manages 2 of them each sort. (I)| Late in-bound planes can cause the entire sort to be delayed; resulting in late out-bound flights to the freights final destination. (I)| Boeing 777’s now fly into the Indy hub; lowering emissions, with less fuel consumption, this aircraft reduces the environmental and also noise impact of entire operations. I)| Costs and frequency of asset replacement / investment is very expensive. Keeping a fleet of 660 aircraft maintained; as well, the constant new purchase of aircraft is a drain on company capital. (I)| Indianapolis is the second largest distribution hub in the company; only behind home-base Memphis, TN. (I)| Plane â€Å"strikes† by tug drivers can be very costly incidences for the company. The DFW ramp had no aircraft strikes by its drivers during 2011; and none year to date 2012. (I)| FedEx Invented Express distribution. The Indy hub continues to grow due to this attribute of FedEx. I)| The cost in penalties for not meeting required express shipping deadlines for each package can add up to a significant total annual dollar cost. (I)| Providing rapid, reliable, time-definite delivery to more than 220 countries and territories; the DFW ramp participates in this. (I)| | Customer Service is provided by significant training of each DFW ramp worker in the correct processing/application of their job. (I)| | Below is a list of â€Å"External Environmental Factors† affecting the FedEx marketing strategy include both those that would be considered strengths; as well as those considered to affect the company in a negative manner.External Environmental Factors – Strengths:| External Environmental Factors – Weaknesses:| FedEx has contracted long-term with the US Postal Service to deliver all of its Global Express Guaranteed international shipping freight. It features 1-3 business days to more than 190 countries (Money-back guarantee). (E)| Business is subject to ma jor economic downturns. In the 2000 downturn many companies looking for a way to save money stopped shipping, or moved to cheaper methods such as surface shipping. This resulted in reduced routes and limited lay-offs. E)| FedEx now connects markets that comprise more than 90% of the world’s gross domestic product within one to three business days. (E)| A recent survey found that 84% of â€Å"satisfied† customers will â€Å"jump ship† for a better deal if the opportunity arises. With the marketplace becoming increasingly commoditized, customer retention has become a critical part of business strategy. (E)| FedEx measures customer service and loyalty via two separate indexes; a 1% increase in the Loyalty Index has been found to be worth approximately $100mm of additional annual business. E)| Inclement weather is definitely a negative environmental factor that can affect timely delivery of FedEx express delivery. Winter snows and summer thunder storms definitely pr esent challenges to the various FedEx markets. | FedEx Express is named among the top five of the â€Å"World’s Best Multinational Workplaces† by Great Places to Work Institute. (E)| The TSA adopted new rules enhancing many of the security requirements for air cargo on both passenger and all-cargo aircraft. It is reasonably possible that these new rules, or other future security requirements for air cargo carriers, could impose material costs on FedEx. FedEx Express is named Super Eco-Airline of the Year 2012 by Air Transport World. (E)| The FAA’s regulatory authority relates primarily to operational aspects of air transportation, including aircraft standards; as well, personnel and ground facilities, which may from time to time affect the ability of FedEx to operate its aircraft in the most efficient manner. | FedEx Corp ranks ninth in the business Super-brands list and is the only company representing the transportation industry in the top 20, making it a lead er in its field. E)| FedEx Express participates in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (â€Å"CRAF†) program. Under this program, the U. S. Department of Defense may requisition for military use certain of FedEx Express’s wide-bodied aircraft in the event of a declared need, including a national emergency. | Opportunities and Threats are part of the SWOT analysis that must be examined by managers involved in the development of a marketing plan/strategy include the following.. Opportunities| Threats| The DFW ramp has the opportunity to grow its portion of the Indy hub market share if its manpower is increased.It is only limited by itself. If the volume will support more staff it will be allowed. | Personal injuries in the workplace can affect the DFW ramp’s overall performance ratings. Thus, limiting the advancement of its managers. | The DFW ramp can control its freight misflows by continuing the training of its personnel. This will result in improved performance rating s for the ramp and additional opportunities for its managers. | Conflicts between personnel can negatively affect, and ultimately change the â€Å"mojo† of the ramp’s team performance.Teamwork is a very important attribute, necessary for the ramp to meet its volumes and timelines. | The DFW ramp has the opportunity every night to help solidify the loyalty of 10m customers to FedEx. | If it does not do its job correctly the DFW ramp has the opportunity to give 10m customers a reason to use UPS for their next shipment of freight. | Each DFW ramp staff has the opportunity to quash the various FedEx competitors by performing their job with excellence. | Unionization is always a potential threat to the current positive work environment.This would not be a good thing for the company. | By doing their job correctly, identifying suspicious packages each of the DFW ramp staff has the opportunity to act in place of a DEA or BATF agent. | Drugs trafficking and potential terrorism are definite threats to FedEx with each sort that takes place. | Theft prevention can enhance FedEx’s reputation in the market place. Each DFW ramp staff has the opportunity to act as eyes and ears against theft of freight being shipped through their area. | Individual theft of various pieces of freight can hurt FedEx’s reputation in the market place. |

Environmental Analysis - 2952 Words

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