Influence of Music Essay Example for Free

Influence of medical specialty EssayMusic and radio has roots in American culture and the way baseball club is today. The different types of music genres have shaped American culture and sociable behavior of Americans. Audio media has had a major affect and influence on the attitudes of Americans and especially todays youth and young adults.Music and radio has given American culture its values, the way that jazz, blues, and RB created shudder wheel around, music created American culture. Music appeals to young adults, and youth as an escape to the hard times of real life. Drawn by the explicit lyrics and beats, the youth always searches out for music to move to and music to connect with. American culture has been steadily changing due to music and what is known as pop culture. The need to be accepted in a certain social group has a lot to do with music. Music brought a cultural shift in the race segregation, black artists performing music with whiten artists and for mixed audiences. American culture before the 50s was a strict segregation culture and music allowed for the barrier to be broken.Artists using sexual innuendoes and other antics changed what was the norm of morals and values and put a much lax outlook on such things. Music has influenced the bleakness of sexuality and sexual orientation. More and more artists are open about their sexuality, making it more of a normal thing in American Culture. creation gay used to be shunned, and now it is openly celebrated. All of these things are because of music. The radio started playing what was known as race music on white stations and this do it so a lot of different Americans can hear and be exposed to a broad range of music.Becoming more acceptable rock and roll, punk, and hip hop have had an impact on the teens and young adults of American culture. The 80s brought the rebelliousness out of teens with punk rock music, while the 90s hip-hop has had a big effect on room and attitudes of peop le. Music has shaped American culture in some ways, a way of expressing geniuss opinions and bringing groups of people together with similar ideals and opinions. A way of bringing what was different cultures together and making one culture, The American Culture. leaning and Roll is a genre of music that has for ever so changed the social behavior of Americans. Rock and roll has influenced American culture in the bothday life, fashion and attitudes of most Americans. Rock and Roll broke the race barricade, forming in a time of a civil rights movement. Rock and roll was a impudently form of music that encouraged desegregation. Evolving black artists and white artists playing black music, rock and roll changed the way American culture accepts what was once taboo. Rock and roll put a perception of sex, drugs, and alcohol to be accepted and what is considered cool. Artists singing about doing drugs, or hooking up with random woman made it something to be idolized. Rock and roll infl uenced young adults to engage in risky behavior.Now is American culture, these things are almost considered normal. Rock and roll shaped fashion and is continuously changing fashion. Fans copy styles of their favorite artists as a way to express ones self. From ripped up, tight, or baggy pants, long hair, colored hair, or shaved heads, the fashion is always changing. Some fashions coming back and making another appearance in American culture, a lot of fashion comes from Rock and roll. Piercings and tattoos once forbidden, is becoming more and more acceptable in American culture. It is not strange to see business people and stay at stem moms with tattoos.Rock and roll has influenced this change in American culture and tattoos are normal. Rock and roll artists have changed the way sexuality and sexual orientation is looked at. Rock and roll has made it okay to be gay and okay to dress how someone wants. Rock and roll has given the care-free attitude to young adults. American culture has changed into a screw society, morals and values type of attitude, based on what rock and roll has made society. Rock and roll has given a sense of community to certain groups of people who share ideals and values, and brings them together into a certain setting. Rock and roll has had a major effect on social behavior of Americans and American culture.Music does affect social behavior and attitudes of Americans. Music gives people an outlet to express their opinions. Audio media has links to American cultures in every decade, changing and molding American into what it is today. Since the 1700s even, people have sought out music as a way to connect to others. Audio media is an ever changing thing, which will always reflect on the social behavior and attitudes of Americans.

Failure Analysis Change Strategy Essay Example for Free

Failure Analysis Change Strategy EssayTeam A reveals the circumstances regarding the failure analysis of an hotelier and how a CEO leads an placemental channelise processes to prevent an impending failure of the phoner. To counterbalance the hotelier business failure analysis, the team discusses the success analysis of apple Inc. The team identifies each geological formations charge and vision statements with a behavioral theory explanation discussing the success and failure indicators. Research foc pulmonary tuberculosiss on which specific organizational behavior theories could perhaps explain the companys failure or success, bureaucrats roles, and organizational structure and culture. Leading organizational remove identifies the roughly vital areas for change, emf barriers in the changing process, addressing political and force-out issues, and steps implementing the organizational using the John Kotters 8-step plan. Business Failure Analysisorchard apple trees com mittee statementApple does not clearly define a mission statement. According to Farfan (2014), Apple ends their press releases with a statement that resembles what a traditional mission states is expected to beApple commits to shapeing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through sophisticated hardware, software and meshwork offerings (The Mission Statement, Global Vision, and Values of Apple, Inc.). Vision. Tim Cook, current CEO of Apple, does not arrive at a simple vision for the company. During a 2009 interview, Cook mentions several values rump the company leading the vision Cook expects We believe that we are on the face of the earth to make great products and thats not changing, we are unendingly focusing on innovating and we believe in the simple, not the intricate (Hull 2012, para. 5). Apples Success. Apples approach to success bases itself on a plan by the former CEO in 1997, Steve busine ss sectors. Jobs partners with several organizations such as Microsoft and Comp ground forces forming a strategic alliance with Apple products.According to Finkle and Mallin (2010), Steve Jobs states the reason why his companies have become so successful is because they hire the very best people in the world to work for them his business savvy, negotiation skills, and propensity to take risks modify him to transform technology into companies that flourish (p. 38). Apples leadership genius is a major contribution in the companys success. Charismatic, inspiring, flexible, receptive and emancipate spirit describe former CEO Steve Jobs constantly challenging employees and influencing a team environment where individuals can voice ideas (Toma and Marinescu, 2013). Apples Successful Behavioral Theories. Two behavioral theories contributing to Apples success during Steve Jobs tenure are the top-down creative process and situational Zen like transformational leadership style Jobs runs th e organization with. Eliminating layers of bureaucracy enables Apple to conform in a transitioning orbiculate market possessing pioneering the technology into new-sprung(prenominal) markets. Top-Down Management.During Steve Jobs tenure at Apple, the company incorporates a strong top-down creative process eliminating bureaucracy. This enables information to go directly to Jobs and then filters to sub-teams as specific assignments for completion (Robbins Judge, 2013, p. 506). This process eliminates a top-heavy culture of management increasing product to market response time. Organizational behavior theories mirror the subject matter with which they deal, and people are complex and complicated (Yukl, 2013, p. 15). Situational Leadership. Jobs address the market with a leadership style conforming to market demands. Eliminating a traditional culture of managers within Apple enables Jobs to manage Apple directly and effectively on a global scale. The situational leadership style works for Jobs as the passion toward the company, consumers, and operations are conception of on a global scale. on a cross functional global scale enables the company to adapt to needs and demands on a global scale. Apples OrganizationalLeadership. Apples role of leadership during the Steve Jobs era concentrates on simplification taking responsibilities end to end when behind, leapfrog put products before boodle dont be a slave to focusgroups bend reality impute push before perfection know both the big picture and the inside information tolerate only A players engage face to face combine the humanities with the sciences and stay hungry and foolish (Isaccson, 2012). Management. Apples managers posses extensive knowledge about the serve and products competitors are providing for the market. This ability enables the organization to formulate new ideas raising the bar for their competitors Apple takes innovation to a new level. Managers and leadership both seek new ideas taking technolog y into completely new areas. This in conjunction with a completely lean management approach contributes to extraordinary productivity at Apple (Sullivan, 2011).Organizational Structure. Apples organizational structure is simple. There are no committees at Apple, general management is frowned upon, and only one person, the chief financial officer, has a responsibility for costs and expenses that lead to profits and losses (Lashinsky, 2011). Culture. The culture at Apple is very informal and demanding from employees. Rather than a work/life balance more a(prenominal) organizations proudly emphasize, Apple makes it clear throughout the organization that it seeks committing, extremely hard-working individuals. An example here on the company website proudly states This isnt your cushy corporate nine to five (Apple, 2014). This reinforcement repeats itself throughout the website instilling a demand for a culture to share an obsession getting every last detail right. Leave your necktie s, bring your ideas (Apple, 2014). Innkeepers ground forces invest Objectives and MissionSince its bankruptcy and other acquisitions, Innkeepers USA Trust objectives and mission possess no clear definition. Innkeepers USA Trust was widely know as one of leading owners of extended-stay and upscale hotel properties across the United States. In reference to O a real dry land investment trust (REIT), Innkeepers USA Trust owns interest in several hotels in many states. The organizations focal point at one time is to acquire, develop, rebrand, and reposition hotel properties. This organizations general purpose, prior to failing, is to acquire and develop real estate investments increasing shareholder profit. Behavior theory predicting Innkeepers, USA FailureThe companys failures are a result of cutbacks on both business and consumer levels. With decreasing travel, increasing fuel costs, rising energy expense, an abundance of new hotels entering the market, and over $1 billion in debt, Innkeepers USA was forced to file bankruptcy (McCarty Kary, 2010). Preventing the failure of Innkeepers USALets look at some of the vital areas needing change at Innkeepers USA. As plaza values fall and business dry up during the recession, Innkeeper USA cannot meet financial obligations paying down loans (Aquino, 2011). The organization moldiness restructure and work its way out of bankruptcy. Evolving technology, world cultures, and property employee support need attention in order for the company to be successful. Through the use of evolving technology, the company creates the Hilton performance Advantage system. This system includes a global online service for customers and property owners. Specific customer service sites address every company military position throughout the world and staff with employees who are fluent in their native languages. A global e-commerce team and revenue management consolidation center allows property managers to seek guidance from staff speciali zing in specified sales management and revenue topics. These teams assist with research, strategies, and management needs for individual property owners. Barriers to Changeengineering education is one of the largest challenges. The organization organizational strategies to grow the company back to a profitability and verifyability state. As a result of the recession, most organizations decrease and disregard employee travel to minimize expenses. As a result, opportunities for online growth increase reaching customers on a global scale. Cultural issues need attention. Employees fluent in many languages are made available to assist customers in these cultures improving customer care. Each individual property needs evaluations to assess the needs of the demographics properties cannot be cooky cutter designs. Employee support services create a cultural balance in the company. Educational support is on line anytime, anywhere a company employee can receive the guidance they seek withou t waiting. This results from the installation of newer technologies. Power and Political IssuesAs Innkeepers USA Trust struggles with decreasing room revenue, debt burdens, and liquidity constraints, the real estate investment trust finds itself with power and political issues. Two perspectives of power issues in this organization are the finite and immeasurable perspective of power. The finite perspective of power is the competitive spirit of an organization that spurs productivity and focuses on winning. Through its competition and power perspective, the organization will ultimately diminish returns in which Innkeepers USA Trust finds itself in this power struggle by oversupplying new hotels while room revenues are stagnate. Understanding Innkeepers USA Trust power and political struggles, issues require the infinite perspective of power and estimable power. An infinite perspective of power seeks to understand that winning or losing is not the main issue. The purpose of an infin ite power is to sustain. To sustain Innkeepers USA Trust, Learning Team A suggests acorporate strategy approach basing this on skill and knowledge. An example is Apples previous CEO, Steve Jobs. Jobs possess expert power. Jobs first hand involvement with many of Apples innovations creates a dependency the company relies on propelling innovation. According to Robbins Judge (2013), expert power is one of the most effective bases of power to influence a company and is positively related to employees satisfaction (p. 416).Implementing ChangeTo successfully implement change within Innkeepers USA Trust, Learning Team A suggests following Dr. John Kotters eight-step process. According to Kotters process, a majority of organizations fail because they do not take a holistic approach that is required to see the change (Robbins Judge, 2013, p.586). The team will establish a sense of urgency creating a compelling reason as to the change, form a powerful coalition leading change, create a new vision to direct change, plan for, create, and reward short term wins that incite the organization toward the new vision, reinforce the change by demonstrating the relationships between new behaviors and organizational success (Robbins Judge, 2013, p.586).ConclusionIn conclusion, there are many factors in consideration when developing and maintaining a successful organization. Its important to develop a strategy to meet organizational goals. Looking at the success and failures of vivacious organizations is an invaluable strategy in developing and maintaining organizational victory. Team A reveals the circumstances regarding the failure analysis of an hotelier and how a CEO leads an organizational change processes to prevent an impending failure of the company, which specific organizational behavior theories could possibly explain the companys failure or success, and the organizational change identifying the most vital areas for change with recommendations from John Kotters 8-step plan.ReferencesAquino, J. (2011).15 Companies that died in the past year Business Insider, Retrieved June 24, 2014, from http//www.businessinsider.com/15-companies-that-tanked-2011-3?op=1ixzz35z4L2CQt Farfan, B. (2014). Apple Inc. mission statement is not very innovative and barely a mission at all. Retrieved from http//retailindustry.about.com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/Apple-IncMission-Statement.htm Finkle, T. A., Mallin, M. L. (2010). Steve Jobss and Apple Inc. Journal of the International Academy of Case Studies, 16(7), 31-40. Hull, P. (2012). Be visionary. Think big. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/patrickhull/2012/12/19/be-visionary-think-big/ Issacson. W. (2012). The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobss.Retrieved from hrb.org/2012/04/the-real-leadership-lessons-of-steve-Jobss/-The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobss Harvard Business Review Lashinsky. A. (2011). How Apple Works Inside the worlds biggest startup. Retrieved from fortun e.com/201/08/25/how-apple-works-inside-the-worlds-biggest-startup-2/-How Apple works Inside the worlds biggest startup McCarty. D. Kary. T. (2010). Apollo Investments Inkeepers USA Trust Files for Bankruptcy in New York. Retrieved June 29, 2014 fromwww.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-19/inkeepers-usa-apollo-investment-unit-files-for-bankruptcy-in-new-york.html Robbins, S. R. Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior (15th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall. Sullivan. J. (2011). Talent Management Lessons from Apple A Case Study of the worlds most valuable firm. Retrieved from www.ere.net/2011/09/12/talent-management-lessons-from-apple-a-case-study-of-the-worlds-most-valuable-firm-part-1-of-3/ Toma, S., Ph D., Marinescu, P., Ph D. (2013). Steve Jobss and modern leadership. Manager, (17), 260-269. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1518528902?accountid=35812 Worlds most admired companies. (2011). Retrieved from http//fortune.com/worlds-most-admired-compan ies/apple-1/ Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson /Prentice Hall. Retrieved from https//newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom//om3.phoenix.edu/Classroom//contextid/ (LDR/531)/ context/ cdg/ view/activityDetails/activity/270c6ef7-2f01-4c47-8c71-5ba7a9d19509/ expanded/False

Problems And Solutions Of Urbanization Environmental Sciences Essay

Problems And Solutions Of Urbanization Environmental Sciences EssayThe intend of urbanisation can be basic entirelyy described as the expansion of cities by encompassing the campestral areas in it. Urbanization is not just physically growth. Also, it contains population and social and economic structure. The urban growth generally has been caused by immigrations. Most of these immigrations are through with(p) from country-bred areas to urban areas. Sometimes it can be seen from countries to countries. The reasons of migration can be arranged as economic, technologic and sociological. The urbanization has positive sides as well as negative. The major(ip) advantage of urbanization is economic development. The cities supply much facilities to its citizens with huge amount of technical equipments. On the other hand, negative sides follow the technological and economical development. every last(predicate) forms of pollution increase together with growth of population. Traffic conges tion also starts to seen in the developed countries. Housing occupations accrue due to population access from bucolic areas to urban areas. The whole of society is affected by urbanization. All of these negative sides can be arranged as the jobs of urbanization.The bothers of urbanization need to be addressed. In this maturation world, nobody can stop the growth of population. However, if urban areas could be developed with a good method like sustainability, the problems of urbanization would be solved. Sustainability authority the ability of sustain something. In other words, think of the future and make a plan. The aim of it is frustrate some problems which allow be go about in the future. If the cities are developed regarding to policy of sustainable development, the problems of urbanization can be met.In the last centuries, the urbanization had been got an uncontrolled phase. The huge amounts of people migrate to cities from arcadian areas. There are several causes of i t. The major causes of urbanization can be arranged as economic, technologic, politic and psycho-sociological.People, who have been living in the rural areas, incline to migrate to cities because of economic factors. Specially, in the developed countries, there is vast amount of difference amid peasants income and civics income. So, the people who have been living in the rural areas immigrate to cities to increase their incomes. Besides, people immigrate to live more comfortable and for education.Firstly, population problem arises in urbanization. The balance of the population between rural areas and cities starts to grow up. While the cities are expanding, the farmland starts to destroy. In the rural areas, life is more thorny than the life, in the cities. Transportation, communication, technological needs are eer difficult to benefit in the rural areas. Therefore, people spread towards cities.All types of pollution can be seen easily in the urbanization. Air pollution, water p ollution, dissension pollution, unaccented pollution and solid product waste are the main pollutions which are increased parallel to urbanization. Because of the population growth, the air quality decreases in the urban areas. The trucks, cars, factories always exhaust a huge amount of carbon dioxide in a day to the air. The number of truck, car, and factory are raised parallel to people population. As population growth in cities, the demand of clean water increase. Sometimes the local authority cannot supply enough clean water to citizen due to mettlesome population. So, the water pollution occurs in the urban areas. The other pollution is resound pollution. In our daily life everybody use their cars, especially in the cities, car noise is the simplest example for noise pollution. The noise could be created by cars, people, factories, construction sites. Because of noisy environment, people have been less fertile and uncreative in their professional life. Again, all of them are connected with population growth. Light pollution causes to loss of electricity energy as well as environmental pollution. This also creates a problem for the future. By using more energy to use lights, the sources for electricity go down. This is the main problem of urbanization, unsustainable development. In the developing countries, solid product waste is other problem in the recent years. High population always need more supply. Sanitation should be always kept on high for world health. Whole pollutions act a very important role in human life. Pollution creates different type of disasters.According to P.S. Brandon, P.L. Lombardi V. Bentivegna (1997, p. 134) China is one of the cities which is faced with environmental degradation, in the world. Environmental degradation c all overs both its air and water. To improve this environmental degradation governments develop some strict laws. Water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and the other environmental degradations can be met by policy of environmental protection law.The other problem which occurs in the cities because of urbanization is traffic congestion. use a private car has become very common in the world. Everybody prefers to use their cars to simply their life. It seems especially in the urbanization countries. This attitude creates traffic congestion. Besides, with this problem, it causes more energy usage, time loss and makes people nervous. To decrease the traffic congestion, the governments find some possible solutions. Public transportation is the most common solution to prevent traffic congestion. The developing cities should produce more sustainable products, vehicles, buildings to save more energy for future generations. According to S. M. Wheeler and T. Beatley (2004, p.98) to prevent the traffic congestion, traffic calming is the process of slowing down traffic to create safer, conductive to pedestrians, cyclists and residential life. With this alternative solution, the air and noise pollution will be decreased. Also, the fuel employment will be reduced. The cities will be more sustain by traffic calming method. Energy will be saved by this way. roads will be used safely. Briefly, this method will be solved one of this urbanization problem, traffic congestion.As list of my essay, third problem of the urbanization is housing. Because of large amount of migrants, housing problem has been increasing day to day in cities. The migrants who migrate from rural areas to cities create a problem. These migrants try to find desirable fitting for them. Unfortunately, due to the low income of migrants, it is impossible to find an accommodation by reasonable price. There are large amount of flats, houses and buildings to live in cities. However, the accommodation price is large as well as amount of accommodation. People start to live unsuitable buildings in cities after migration. The migrants hold old and inconvenient accommodation to survive their life. This creat es another problem, which is called visual pollution. Besides, several diseases can easily spread into cities. According to Mark, Gordon, Peter Ron (2007, p. 362) groups of buildings or building stocks is the useful method to over to the management of social housing stock. The governments have some policy to over to the management of social housing stock. If policy of housing always applies, the housing problem can be solved by this policy.Fourthly, suffering of societies can be counted as a problem of urbanization. Urbanization ensnare on societies is the other problem. Fundamentally, this problem is the result of other problems, pollution, traffic congestion and housing. Because of these problems, peoples welfare goes down. The societies feel bed. This problem can be solved after other problems solutions.As a result of, urbanization is created by people and can be solved again by people. The main reason of urbanization is unbalanced income between peasant and civic. In the other worlds, urbanization is expansion of cities and contraction of farmland. According to Philip M. Hauser Leo F. Schnore (1967, p. 1) the reasons to emergence of cities are the size of total population, the control of natural environment, technological development and developments in social organization. The major triggering factor of developing cities is technology. Technology should be used correctly. Even if cannot be used correctly or without warmth future, it cause some problems such as urbanization. Urbanization has lots of negative sides. In case, urbanization control by policy of sustainable development. The brief meaning of sustainable development is deliberate developing. The problems which occur due to urbanization can be solved with caring future. And developing some rules or policies by governments will prevent problems of urbanization. For example, to prevent the environmental pollution that contains air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, visual pollution and solid wastes can be decreased by making lawful to sustainable development. On the other hand, increasing the number of normal transportation with reasonable price can raise the demand of using public transportation. Besides, the fuel consumption, noise and air pollution can be solved by this way. Also, traffic congestion can be solved by developing the infrastructure of transportation facilities. For the other problem, housing problem, governments can apply strict rules to prevent housing problems which is occur because of immigrations from rural areas to cities. If all these problems are solved, automatically, the last problem, effect of urbanization on societies can be disappeared.

Communication Differences in Gender

parley Differences in GenderCommunication is an primal part of any grammatical genders, with communicative and non oral colloquy styles used on a frequent basis. Both types of chats wad be independent or used together, and it can be conf use for two work force and wo custody if non used correctly so it is important to make sure mis parley do not by learning. We give be discussing disparate communication styles in verbal and gestural communication used by men and women, and finding at miscommunication that whitethorn occurs between genders. To service and explain this and personal experience bequeath be used, and show various strategies to avoid miscommunication, and find possible solution to miscommunication and keep them to a minimal.Communication StylesCommunication will be different when it comes to genders and these differences do not relate to any specific personal experience of a gender, and research as shown men will typically be signal, succinct, personal and i nstrumental in their communication, while women will smack to relate to things, use emotions, and gain saying in a personal way. This research fact shows how men will go in a confabulation using information, while women will try to build a relationship. With this in mind it has led perception of gender communication whether it is verbal or nonverbal communication.General terms and a use of a function standpoint argon typical of males verbal communication. A functional standpoint is all about exchanging information and reinforcing relationship. With males existence more dominant in communication, women until more recently were stereotyped as being submissive in conversation, unless differences in language the gender uses are common and communication in relationship with twain genders show a course in written and verbal communication not related to anyone gender specially.Verbally both gender show differences in communication, with males in whatever cases using adjectives th at may seem judgmental, and women intensive adverbs. Though galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) in any case forget that pitch is common communication difference even if the pitch is not gender specific, it can related to one gender more than the other. Typically speaking women are stereotyped to take hold higher pitch, while men will have lower pitch sound, even though we know that pitch is not related specifically to a gender. Both gender have specific stereotypes on pitches, like when male uses a higher pitch to not sound feminine, and women using lower pitch when want sound more dominant and credible. expression use is a noticeable between genders, and seen easily when women are speaking as they will use more diverse vocabulary, while men may not have diversity in vocabulary they will use numbers. Women using communication will commonly divulge information with emotions, attitude, and beliefs, tho men will avoid this when possible. According to GenderSpeak An oerabundance of tentative forms of expression in ones communication can be interpreted as a sign of uncertainty and insecurity. But tentative language may also indicate politeness (Watts, 2003) and may have positive, facilitative uses these kinds of expressions need not be identified with one sex or the other (Ivy Backland, Ch. 4, p. 174).Both gender will have similarities and differences in their verbal communication, but so will their nonverbal communications. Women are much better at catching nonverbal instigates in compared to men, and interpreting cues. Women will commonly use more person nonverbal cue including leaning forward, excellent eye contact to whom they speaking too, while showing more emotional expressions. Men will try change conversation to something with an bung when possible while using less eye contact that shows women will be better at nonverbal communication and staying attuned to them.Miscommunications and CausesMiscommunication experience between both genders may vary, but both gender will have their shares of miscommunications. Males will be more direct when it comes to looking for answers and communications, and they typically will avoid feedback, and not looking multiple option when possible. Females like to using expression, relationships, emotions, and feelings when communication will not have solution, with typical closeness in their communication. Women also do not want advice even if they look like they look like they may need it.It quiet common for males to use conversation to find social order, and try to show their dominance to other in a conversation, but female do not engage in dominance instead they use conversation to be more intimate. Men and women use conversation different and it is important to understand that women tend to have close relationships in their conversation, and will typically judge though, feelings and beliefs, and men want to dwarf and find solution in conversation.These differences in communication between the two gender is one of the main causes of miscommunications, as both gender forget to discover that other gender may not communicate in same styles as their gender. With men using communication to dominate socially and get results when communicating, while women will typical use relationships communication, it leads to both gender needing to realize the difference in communication between them so that miscommunications are left to a minimal.Personal ExperiencesMiscommunication is common occurrence and happen to everyone at some point between men and women, and is also seen quiet often in our societies. IN my personal life I have experience miscommunication and many occasion, and one that would divine service better understand miscommunication is an argument over a send needing planning with my girlfriend.Trip planning is an interesting thing as requires a place to go, cost, duration, and other things that will be needed before a escape can be made. With a male and female planning a trip miscommunication is common thing as both may have different ideas, thought, and communication styles to give their ideas. Though stereotypes for genders can be applied in this type a situation, it is not a factor in this situation that will be discussed.In planning a trip with my girlfriend there were miscommunication involved, as both wanted to have control of the conversation, and I would be direct about what I wanted, my girlfriend was not direct and try to bring emotions and relationships into the conversation to convey her points. In the process of deciding on location to go, I was more about going towards a natural and exciting place, while she was wanting a romantic quiet place to go, and we would start arguing over this as we were miscommunicating why we wanted to go to these style of places. With this argument we both had different viewpoints and used different communication styles which we were not understanding, and while I would be direct, she al shipway tried use emotion and relationship in the communicating. This went on for a while until we both realized that neither of us were harking to all(prenominal) other and we need a way to communicate that we both could follow and understand.With us having communication issues we decided to take a breather and try to look at the other person point of view before starting discussion again. In this process I realized she was trying convey her emotion in her communication and bring in relationship, and I may not looked at communicating in this fashion causing miscommunication. After realizing this issue I determine I most try to look at emotional parts of communications, while she realized that try to be more direct would also help and miscommunication were limited on restart of the trip planning discussion. While I was usually more dominate and pickings control of discussion in first try, this time around both us try to be equal and my girlfriend took a more dominate role, while I learnt to listen for subtle cues on why she wanted go to a romantic quiet place.In the example above we both realized that we had issues in communication and how we were trying to get our point across, and adjust our communication to come up with solution and clear communication that would work for both of us. Though we still had some miscommunication that were not uncommon in most cross gender relationships it was excellent learning experience. With the change in communication and understanding our communication were not in sync it help us better understand the other and also be more comfortable without worries of hurting other feeling, while adjusting our communication styles so the other could understand and avoid miscommunication. As stated by GenderSpeak In expanding their repertoire of communication behaviors, the sexes can learn from each others earreach tendencies and unlearn some habits and sex-typed conditioning. While listening to support a speaker is an admirable approach, women can e xpand their listening ability to more thoroughly cross facts and comprehend information, rather than reading into a conversation more than the facts or trying to take the emotional temperature of the other person (Beebe, Beebe, Ivy, 2007, p. 120) (Ivy Backland, Ch. 5, p. 203).Effective StrategiesWith any communication misunderstanding will happen and it not bad idea to have strategies should be available to use to solve these miscommunication. From the personal experience above taking break or recrudesce can be excellent way analyze why communication is not working and work on ways to avoid miscommunications, while helping making a communication move forward so future miscommunication can be avoided before they happen. A pause or break is good way to reflect back on the communication see how you will try re-communicate a thought or idea, though this not the only effective strategies. The pause and break method is great strategy as it does give both side the opportunity to reflec t on previous communications and while they failed and how they should proceed to communicate so miscommunication can be avoided. This type strategy also make us all realize that both men and women may have different ways to communicate, whether it is verbally or non-verbally, and look for similarities that may be used to help in communicating. It is important in this type strategy to understand that our genders will communicate differently and how we can communicate in the future so less miscommunication will occur. As stated A limited amount of information about the sexes and listening behavior exists, but a few key sources agree on a major difference in how men and women listen. Its not that members of one sex dont listen as well as the other, but the sexes tend to listen for different purposes. (Ivy Backland, 2008, Ch.5)The effective strategy above is not the only strategy that is available, to use when having issues in effective communication between genders. other(a) good wa ys to effectively communicate include more contact, relationship negations, social support and assistance, increased rewards, and directional definitional. Each strategy can help keep in keeping miscommunication to a minimal, but it should be realized sometimes it not going to work. Even with many different effective strategies to blend more effective at communicating, theyre no set strategy that will work best with any communication and situation, and the strategy required can vary to allow for more effective communication. It not uncommon to look at the best solution to answer and with communication the same rule does apply, but it may not work in a communication situation.ConclusionEach gender will communicate differently and it is important that we do understand that sometimes the way we communicate from gender stereotypes and it may not work with the opposite gender. With the many communication styles used by both men and women, and with many of them being similar and differen t in non-verbal or verbal communication. With women typically using relationships, and men using a more direct approach, both men and women will have miscommunications as they are not realizing the differences in their communication styles. Throughout this paper it has pointed out the various communication styles used by genders and help explain why miscommunication occur who we may avoid them in the future by using various strategies, and learn how each gender may communicate. With many strategies to help with avoid miscommunication it is important to realize that their no guarantee the strategies discussed will avoid the miscommunication completely as sometimes our subconscious may cause the miscommunication which we will not realize.ReferencesSapiro, V (2002). Women in American Society. An Introduction to Womens Studies (5th ed.). Manhattan, NY McGraw-Hill.Ivy, D.K. Backlund, P. (2008). Gender Speak Personal effectiveness in gendercommunications (4th ed.). Boston, MA Pearson All yn BaconRawluszko, M. (2009). Communication in the conditions of diversity. Kobieta, Biznes, (1-4),53-56. http//search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/230449979?accountid=458Gore, J. S. (2009). The interaction of sex, verbal, and nonverbal cues in same-sex first encounters. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 33(4), 279-299. doi10.1007/s10919-009-00741

Socio-Cultural Impact of Tourism

Socio-Cultural Impact of touristryChapter 2Literature ReviewThere be many researchers who wee examined on how touristry affects the local anaesthetic tidy sum in a destination. They have worked on how to assess the negative and plus impacts of touristry on society. This literature review will be base on the research of the socio-cultural impact of tourism on the local multitude in Mauritius. The impacts that tourism brings to the local people will be assessed by the practice of a questionnaire. This literature review will be completed by searching for journal articles, relevant studies which have been previously done on the topic.Overview of touristryTourism is an active and deal process which include direct and alternative relationship between people and originator of tourism products. The interaction between people is the is often the necessary feature which characterizes a tourism experience. These experiences cig atomic number 18t lead to both compulsive and nega tive impacts and this should be controlled in order to maximize the positive impacts and minimize and negative impacts (Sheldon Abenoja). Positive and negative feature of tourism hind end be moved to the tourists and the hosts population as a tourism product spate only be consumed in a destination.One of the some influential socially based plan refined to examine the impact of tourism has on local people and the purlieu in which the local people live is dependent on the work of Doxey (1975), who was able to demonstrate the feeling that local people show as tourism extend and start to procedure greater ara of a local economy over time. (Doxey) in any case argued that at that place be basically four levels to be considered when assessing local feelings towards the tourism industry. These are as followsEuphoria This is where tourist come to a destination where they are received with itsy-bitsy control and planning in a destinationApathy Tourists are accepted by the local peo ple in a destination, commercialization takes assign and there is a relationship between groups.Annoyance As the tourism industry is being saturated, local people tend to have uncertainty rough a location of tourism. Tourism planners add infrastructure instead of controlling the growth of tourism.Antagonism Local people start to beget irritated and this is presented to tourists and tourism and planning is restorative.The number of impacts from tourism is materially wide and it often has the authority on areas beyond those usually associate with tourism (Kreag 2001). It is difficult to measure the learn type and magnitudes of impacts of tourism as they can non be viewed in a separate way because the heart and soul brought by tourism alone and the effect which has been accomplished by other agents of transform much(prenominal) as modernization, development, and the influence of media (Archer Cooper, 1994 Lickorish Jenkin, 1997 Mathieson Wall, 1982).Socio-Cultural Impacts of TourismAccording to (Oppermann Chon, 1997), they argued that the socio cultural impacts should be available in towns and it should be designed in much(prenominal) a way in order to achieve the ideals of sustainable development. The socio-cultural impacts of tourism croak when there is the interaction between the host, or local people, and guests, or tourists (Smith 1995). However, Glasson, Gofrey and Goodey (1995) argued that the socio-cultural impacts are the people impacts of tourism and it concentrates on the day to day changes and quality of life of residents in a destination. It has been res publicad by (Opperman and Chon 1997) that tourist and the host interactions does not have effect on the hosts and the society of the host, but also it has an effect on the tourists and the tourists societies.Socio-cultural impacts have both positive and negative forms and it is the hosts and the guests who are affected (Cooper et al., 1998 Oppermann Chon, 1997). Moreover, (Pi-Sunye r, 1973), stated that socially and culturally, tourism has often been victim of social tensions. It can be noted that the principal impacts affected by the tourists and host relationship are the demonstration effect, that is when the behaviour of the hosts community is developed in such a way to imitate the tourists (Boissevain, 1979 Tsartas, 1992). During their stay in a destination tourists interact with the local residents and this interation brings an outcome such as modifications in the quality of life of the hosts community, value system, labour division, family relationships, attitudes, behavioural patterns, ceremonies and creative expressions (Fox 1977 Cohen 1984 Pizam and Milman 1984).The encounters of tourists and the hosts occur when tourists are buying goods and go from any host private where there are at the same place and at the same time and where they can exchange ideas and information (de Kadt 1979). Another type of encounter which occur in tourism is where there is a failure in promoting mutual understanding among different nations and stereotypes prevail (Nettekoven 1979 Krippendorf 1987 OGrady 1990). In addition, socio-cultural impacts of tourism also include change in the language that is used in a destination (White 1974 Brougham and Butler 1977 Jeffs and Tavis 1989 Wallace 1997) growth in the exercise of alcoholics, crime, prostitution and gambling (Young 1973 Graburn 1983 OGrady 1990). According to Brunt and Courtney (1999) argued that socio cultural impacts of when there is the interaction of tourists-host could be utilized to host residents and was affected by their role and their relationship within the tourism industry.Communities Perspective of TourismConsidering the attitude of local people the large range of the positive and negative impacts of tourism on the community at large and individual can be analysed (Fredline, 2004). (Ratz 2002), said that the lives of the hosts community are changed by two major factors which are na mely the tourists-host relationship and the development of the tourism industry itself. Local people and foreign companies are encouraged to ornament in different types of tourist enterprises (Larsen 1998) and this is looked in such a strategy to motivate economic activities to take place which will make the state become richer. In a host community, not every people perceive the impacts of tourism in the same manner. Researches says that the level of satisfaction of residents in a destination and their attitudes in relation to tourism are conditional on their perception of the impact of tourism.Socio-Cultural sustainabilityCultural sustainability is the maintenance of local values, the way that people live in their environment and identity (Heikkinen et al. 2007). According to (Besculides, Lee, McCornick, 2002 Simpson, 2008) the cultural and social as aspect of sustainability may be supported by tourism development by granting a change of declining traditional industries appealin g infrastructure development promoting pride referring to culture and community, fostering cultural acceptance amongst visitors, keeping cultural heritage, fostering cross institutional acceptance and bring into existence educational favorable circumstances. However, (Liu 2003 Stronza, 2007), argued that tourism can bring up new lifestyles, belief, and values to hosts, and come through changes in the life-time form of the communities.Positive socio-cultural impact of tourismTourism brings into contribution of an improvement of the social infrastructure in a destination. Cultural development can be considered as a positive impact of tourism. Various situations exist where tourism is the active force behind the preservation and awareness of local culture and traditions. (United Nations, 1996 Jamaica sustainable Development Network, 2001 Tourism Product Development Company 2005 du Cros 2001)Negative socio-cultural impacts of tourismFor some islands, there are negative social impact th at are created delinquent to tourism. An increase in the price leads to a fall in the standard of living of the local community. Fishermen are deprived from their occupation. Sometimes locals are prevented to get retrieve to public beaches as most hotels give priority to tourists to enjoy the beaches and therefore locals are left with only part of the beaches. Moreover, there are capacity issues where the beaches are overcrowded which leads to traffic congestion and noise pollution, reverse acculturation and high crime rates also occur (United Nations, 1996 PA Consulting Group, 2007).Physical influences causing social melodic lineThe physical power that increasing tourism has on a destination can cause social stress because this encounter the local community. Cultural degeneration such as damage to cultural heritage may take place from vandalism, littering, pilferage and illegal removal of cultural heritage items or by ever-changing the historical landscape that surrounds it. Re source use conflicts will arise because there is a competition between the host community and the tourists for making use of rush resources such as pissing and energy which are limited in supply. Conflicts will arise when there will be the construction of hotels in coastal areas.Culture ClashesAs tourism is the movement of people to different places geographically and places of social relation between tourists and the hosts, culture clashes may come forward because of differences in their cultures, ethnic and religious groups, values, lifestyles, languages and levels of prosperity. There will be economic inequality between local people and the tourists as they exit more than they often spend in an economy.Behaviour of tourists causing irritationTourists usually fail to respect local people and their moral values due to carelessness in a destination. They may not respect the locals traditions by taking pictures where they are not allowed to do so and they may also be not well dol led up in religious places like temples, mosques, and church.CrimeJud (1975) stated that amount of criminal movement facing foreign tourists grows as the number of illegal chances increase. He also said that the more tourists arrival in a destination will result in more chances for crime to take place. However, Lin and Loeb (1977) argued that there might not be a certain connection between tourists and criminal activities. Moreover, Bernasco and Luykx (2003) stated that there are three factors which pull crimes against property and these are attractiveness, opportunity and accessibility. As a result if communities do not protect themselves and imperfectly put in order by external agencies, some individuals will precise their face-to-face temperament and devotion towards criminal behaviour. Moreover, Shaw and Mc Kay (1992) stated that a weak organizational form within a community may produce an environment more favorable for criminals against people and vice versa.Job level friction There has been a lack of professional training and low-paid tourism jobs such as waiter, cleaner gardening are offered to local people whereas the higher-paying jobs are like managerial jobs are offered to foreigners.Change of local identity and valuesConventional tourism can bring impact change or exhalation of recognition and values and leads to influences as stated belowCommercialization of local cultureTourism can turn local culture into product and this is when religious traditions, local customs and festivals are diminished to adjust to tourist expectations and this has been called as reconstructed ethnicity.normalizationA destination aim is to satisfy and it risk standardization, adjustment, food and drinks, etc must meet the want of the tourists in a destinationAdaptation to tourist demandsIn destination tourists have the desire to buy souvenirs, arts, crafts, cultural manifestations. Craftsmen in many tourists destinations have changed their products by designing new type s to make them match the new customers tastes. gain of Prostitution and sex tourismAccording to the WTO (World Tourism Organisation) experts (1994) sex tourism has its principal intention that effect of a commercial sexual relationship. Sex tourism is absolutely tangible encounter in which the partner is not anymore an animated object. Many men go to Asia to choose Asian girls because no chat is possible. Sex workers can be migrant women in a destination from neighbouring countries. Moreover, sex tourism has impacted to an increase in AIDS in India. It has been spy that upper grade hotels have their supply for sex tourism to take place. Sex tourism is also linked to drug peddlers who search for long spend tourists at cheap destinations.The economic impacts of tourismAccording to (Loomis and Walsh 1997) businesses and public organizations are progressively showing interest in the economic impacts of tourism at national, state and local levels as the tourism industry contributes to the nations balance of payment (BOP) and this provide a great supply of income (Tatoglu, Erdal, Ozgur, Azakli, 2000). The World Traven and Tourism Council (2012) reported that tourism can be beneficial to an economy in terms of increasing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Moreover, (Andereck Valentine, Knopf and Vogt 2005) reported that tourism industries can have a positive effect on the economy of a community by effecting diversity, and tax revenue. Furthermore tourism is taken into consideration as a determinant that provides a higher living standard and which effect to attract investors to do investments and tourists to spend which as a result creates greater benefits than costs (Brida, Osti Faccioli, 2011).The benefits that tourism bring in an economyAccording to (Rithie, 2000 Carolson Millan, 2002 Getz, 2005) said that the events in a destination tend to improve the infrastructure and development capacity. (Westerbeek et al. 2005, p. 133) reported that when infrastructure is well articulated consisting of physical venues, accommodation and facilities such as transport can lead a an even to success and reducing costs, ameliorating the convenience of spectator, as well as the athlete and long term benefits for the local community when the event ends.Multiplier effectTourism as a supply of income is difficult to measure, this is because it creates multiplier effect (Clarke et al, 2009 Brida et al, 2010 Rastegar, 2010). Multiplier effect is the abundance of money which is generated due to tourist expense in an economy it increases as it passes through different areas of the economy (Dritsakis, 2008 Boopen, 2006. Tourism does not only leads to employment opportunities but also motivates growth in the primary and secondary sectors of the industry.Primary tourism sectors namely, lodging, dining, transportation, amusements and retail trade are influenced directly and most of the other sectors are have impacts of the secondary set up.Direct effect in the eco nomyThese are production changes which are linked with the actual effects of changes in tourism expenditures. An increase in the number of tourists staying in a hotel would lead to an increase in profits due to sales in the hotel sector. Direct effects of tourists spending also include hotel payments for wages and salaries, taxes, and supplies and run.Indirect effect in the economyThis is the re spending of the hotel industrys revenues in other behind industries. For example industries which supplies products and services to hotels. Modification in sales, jobs, and income in the linen supply industry shows another area of indirect effects after all connecting hotels to various degrees to multiple other economic sectors in the region.Induced effect in the economyInduced effect is the household income earned directly or indirectly by tourism spending. For example employees from the hotel and employees from the linen supply are supported directly and indirectly by tourism, they spend their money in the local region expenses of housing, food, transportation and spending of added wage, salary, or owners income are considered as induced effect.Indirect effects of tourism on GDP (Gross Domestic Product)Tourism is a big constituent of the services economy, representing 30% of international trade in services. Taking into account of the revenue, the T20 countries generate nearly 70% of global tourist activity. In addition, the contribution that tourism can make to the growth of the economy is found in its indirect impacts, which in the T20 countries showing over 45% of tourisms total contributions to the GDP. These indirect impact which are linked both to goods and services bought by the tourism sector and to investment and public spending multiplied by tourism are an important factor of economic growth.The exchange rate effect of tourismTourism is a major foreign currency earner as it supplies the commercialise with foreign currency and this market would not exist if tourism would not be so large. This diminishes the cost of foreign currency below what it would otherwise be.Creation of employmentAccording to (Bridenhann and Wickens, 2004), tourism is an industries among many other industries which has the highest power to contribute towards job creation and economic development, especially in rural areas.Environmental impact of tourismNegative environmental impacts takes place when the level of visitors in a country exceeds the carrying capacity of an environment or use greater space that is required for an environment. When it is uncontrolled, it brings threats to many natural areas almost the world.The environment quality, natural and man-made is of great importance to tourism. However, the relationship with the environment is intricate. The environmental impact is related with the construction of the general infrastructure in a destination such as roads and airports, and of the facilities of tourism, such as resorts, hotels, restaurants, sh ops, golf courses. As the negative impacts of tourism can destroy the environment in the long-term, and these impacts should be minimized. Further literature of the negative environmental impact of tourism is as followsLand DegradationThe important resources of land are fertile soil, forests, wetlands and wildlife. Due to an increase in the construction of tourism facilities there has been pressure on these resources. Direct impact can be caused by providing tourists with the facilities needed such as accommodation and other infrastructure needed on the environment. Moreover, when there is deforestation, forest often suffers from this disaster.Air and noise pollutionPollution is something harmful that begins into the environment and these harmful materials are called pollutants. It can be natural such as volcanic ash. Pollution can be also produced by human activity for example scrap or runoff produced by factories. Pollutants damage the quality of air, water and land.There are var ious things that are useful to people create pollution. Cars eject pollutants from their sap pipes. Burning coal to produce electricity pollutes the air. Industries and homes spread garbage and sewage that can pollute the land and water.Impacts on BiodiversityTourism can cause loss of biodiversity in various ways for example by competing the wildlife for habitat and natural resources. Negative impact on biodiversity can be caused by trampling, stress in animals, import of invading species, destruction of habitats, marine habitat deterioration.Strain on water resourcesWater is one of the important resource that is needed to survive and for a business to continue to operate water is need in the everyday operation of the business. Hotels use water in swimming pools, golf courses and also water is used by the tourists for personal use. Therefore there is a tendency for shortage of water and generating a greater volume of wastewater.Energy UtilisationHotels use huge volume of water. Tou rists staying in a hotel use on average 1/3 more water per day than a local inhabitant. The consumption of energy per m2 per year by one star hotel is 157kwh (380 KWh in a four star hotel) (EEA, 2003). However, the infrastructure is not suitable as it has been designed to come with peak periods.The role of the UNWTO, (United Nations World Tourism Organisation) towards the environmentIn order to prevent the unfavorable impacts of climate change, the IPCC reports 2007 need 25-40% emission reduction sphere for the fender 1 Parties (industrialized countries) by 2020, compared to the basis year 1995.

Superconductors and Superconductivity :: physics science superconductor

Before Kamerlign Onnes, in 1908, was able to liquefy helium and bring its temperature down to nigh 1K, it had been known that the resistance of a alloy bloodlines when cooled below room temperature. However, it was not known what value the resistance would approach if the temperature was reduced towards 0K until Onnes, while experimenting with platinum, sight that, its resistance fell when cooled to a precise low value that depended on the metals purity. As the temperature of mercury was reduced toward 0K, the value of the resistance would fall smoothly until the resistance fell extremely suddenly at about 4K. Below 4K, mercury passed into a new state with electrical properties unlike those antecedently known this new state that mercury had entered was called the superconducting state. Superconductivity can be destroyed if a sufficiently strong magnetic field is applied. A metal in this state has very unique magnetic properties that are unlike those at normal temperat ures. A superconductor is often referred to as the perfect diamagnetic. Diamagnetic, ideally, are a sectionalization of materials that do not conserve magnetic flux, but expel it. A superconductor is classified as a perfect diamagnetic because by all mensurable standards the magnetic flux within the material is zero. Electrons have a wave-like nature so an electron moving through a metal can be represented by a plane wave progressing in the same direction. A metal has a crystalline structure with the atoms lying on a repetitive lattice a plane wave can pass through a perfectly periodic structure without being scattered into former(a) directions. An electron is able to pass through a perfect crystal without any loss of momentum of its original direction. That is why it is important for superconductors to have very low impurities any fault in the periodicity of the crystal will scatter the electron wave and introduce some resistance. This is called the residual resistance and it is fencesitter of the temperature. Thermal vibrations also increase the resistance so when the temperature is lowered, the thermal vibrations of the atoms decrease and so the electrons are less frequently scattered. In short, the resistance of a metal is dependent on the purity of a metal and its temperature metals with few impurities reach a superconducting state at low temperatures. The superconductivity state of a metal exists only(prenominal) in a certain range of temperature and field strength.

Personal Writing: The Day Of Surprise :: essays research papers

Personal Writing The Day of SurpriseThats so cool I exclaimed. In my happen was a Valentines Day cardwhich folded to make a spaceship. I was in a H alonemark card shop with my father,looking at cards for the forthcoming holiday.If I got you that card now, then it wouldnt be a surprise later, myfather logically stated.But its neat See, it folds into a spaceship.Ill get it for you but... just act affect for your mother when youopen the card.Okay dad, I answered as we walked up to the counter. My father paidfor the card and we left the store.It was a week before Valentines Day in 1987. I was nine years old andintensely anxious. Expectation for February 14 had overcome every other thoughtI previously had. It might reckon funny to some that I held that one day withsuch great esteem, but to me it was unlike any other holiday. On Valentines DayI matte up loved by everyone. On that day, I would obtain the card that I hadpicked out from my father. Classmates would give everyone Valentin e cards. Someextremely generous kids would even attach sugarcoat to the cards. It didnt matterif you hated each other, on Valentines Day everyone put aside their differencesand even presented cards to the children nobody liked. That one day of loveseemed to unify the score of foes through love and forgiveness. I could hardlywait for that day to come.As the night before Valentines Day had rolled around, anticipation hadescalated to an all time peak. Nevertheless, it was all set aside as my parentsonce again started to fight. My brother and I were sent to the car in the garageso that we would not witness them fighting. We knew the routine. I was scaredand I could still hear angry voices dueling back and forth. My brother was asenior in high school and even he seemed affright when they fought. Althoughhe tried to hide his fear, I knew he was afraid when my father would go on arampage. An hour passed by and my brother and I stubborn to go back inside.The house was still. A pin could have dropped and we would of heard it.My father had gone to lay down in his bed. This action was suggested by the wedding party counselor that my parents had been visiting. Whenever my father gotangry, he was supposed to rest until he calmed down. The problem was that he